Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O111: B4

Endotoxin lipopolysaccharides initiate a variety of biochemical cell activation pathways (PKC, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, arachidonate metabolism, protein myristoylation, and activation of G-proteins). These unique macromolecules have been extensively studied in order to elucidate and define relevant pathophysiological parameters of endotoxic shock, a profound life-threatening consequence of sepsis. More recently, these bacterial products have generated intense interest due to their pluropotential immunostimulatory activity as manifested by the activation of host cells (e.g. B lymphocytes, macrophages) to functional differentiation. Host cell activation by lipopolysaccharides produces a spectrum of hormone-active lymphokines and monokines, including interferons (α, β, and γ), interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor, platelet activating factor, and procoagulant tissue factor. Stimulates the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Induces apoptosis in mouse thymus and swine lymphocytes.

Stimulates the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Induces apoptosis in mouse thymus and swine lymphocytes.

Cell permeable: no

Primary Target
Inducible nitric oxide synthase

Product does not compete with ATP.

Reversible: no

Toxicity: Harmful (C)

To achieve complete solubilization, heating solution to 37°C with intermittent vortexing or sonication may be necessary.

Following reconstitution, store in the refrigerator (4°C). Stock solutions are stable for up to 6 months at 4°C.

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