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G5002

Sigma-Aldrich

Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis)

Linear polypeptide antibiotic complex. A mixture of gramicidins A, B, C, and D.

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About This Item

CAS Number:
1405-97-6
EC Number:
215-790-4
MDL number:
MFCD00131232
UNSPSC Code:
12161501
NACRES:
NA.77

Quality Level

200

antibiotic activity spectrum

Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria

mode of action

cell membrane | interferes
enzyme | inhibits

storage temp.

2-8°C

InChI

1S/C99H140N20O17/c1-51(2)37-73(109-86(123)59(17)107-81(122)49-105-96(133)82(55(9)10)106-50-121)89(126)108-60(18)87(124)117-84(57(13)14)98(135)119-85(58(15)16)99(136)118-83(56(11)12)97(134)116-80(44-64-48-104-72-34-26-22-30-68(64)72)95(132)112-76(40-54(7)8)92(129)115-79(43-63-47-103-71-33-25-21-29-67(63)71)94(131)111-75(39-53(5)6)91(128)114-78(42-62-46-102-70-32-24-20-28-66(62)70)93(130)110-74(38-52(3)4)90(127)113-77(88(125)100-35-36-120)41-61-45-101-69-31-23-19-27-65(61)69/h19-34,45-48,50-60,73-80,82-85,101-104,120H,35-44,49H2,1-18H3,(H,100,125)(H,105,133)(H,106,121)(H,107,122)(H,108,126)(H,109,123)(H,110,130)(H,111,131)(H,112,132)(H,113,127)(H,114,128)(H,115,129)(H,116,134)(H,117,124)(H,118,136)(H,119,135)/t59-,60-,73+,74+,75+,76+,77-,78-,79-,80-,82-,83-,84+,85-/m0/s1

InChI key

ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-SORVKSEFSA-N

Related Categories

General description

Chemical structure: peptide
Gramicidin A is a linear pentadecapeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus brevis. The transmembrane protein contains a left-handed helix with alternating L and D residues.

Application

Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis) has been used as a control to measure the rate of diffusion of protonated β-lactams through the lipid bilayer in liposome swelling assay. It has also been used as an analyte for the purpose of infrared laser desorption or ionization from silicon.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Linear polypeptide antibiotic mixture of gramicidin A, B, C, and D. Gramicidin A acts as neutral carrier and helps in the establishment of ion flux across the lipid bilayer.
Linear polypeptide antibiotic, a mixture of gramicidin A, B, C, and D. Gramicidin D, a channel-forming ionophore that flip-flops slowly across the membrane is a known Pgp substrate and surprisingly was found to inhibit Pgp ATPase activity. This inhibition was reversed by other Pgp substrates suggesting a common drug binding site among MDR substrate-type drugs and chemosensitizers.

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk_germany

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Porin channels in Escherichia coli: studies with liposomes reconstituted from purified proteins.
Nikaido H and Rosenberg E Y
Journal of Bacteriology, 153(1), 241-252 (1983)
Infrared laser desorption/ionization on silicon.
Bhattacharya S H, et al.
Analytical Chemistry, 74(9), 2228-2231 (2002)
Philipp Rühl et al.
Communications biology, 4(1), 1164-1164 (2021-10-09)
The cellular resting membrane potential (Vm) not only determines electrical responsiveness of excitable cells but also plays pivotal roles in non-excitable cells, mediating membrane transport, cell-cycle progression, and tumorigenesis. Studying these processes requires estimation of Vm, ideally over long periods
T A Cross
Methods in enzymology, 289, 672-696 (1997-01-01)
The method of using orientational constraints derived from solid-state NMR for structural characterization of polypeptides in heterogeneous environments has now been demonstrated. A very high resolution structure has been achieved that has led to greater functional understanding of this channel.
The gramicidin A transmembrane channel: a proposed ? (L, D) helix.
Urry D W
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 68(3), 672-676 (1971)
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